Inganda zifotora zitangiza umurongo mushya wo guhuza vertical

Mu rwego rwo guhindura cyane imiterere y’ingufu z’imbere mu gihugu, inganda z’ingufu zahise zitangiza icyiciro gishya cy’impinduramatwara y’ingufu zihagarariwe n’ingufu z’icyatsi, kandi inganda zifotora amashanyarazi, umwe mu bahagarariye ingufu zivuka, nazo zaboneyeho umwanya wo gukuraho igihu cyabanje kandi yakira ishyaka ryisoko.

Iterambere rikomeye ryinganda naryo ryazanye impinduka nshya mubijyanye no guhatanira isoko ryamafoto yimbere mu gihugu.Kurugero, byatewe nubwiyongere bukabije mu nganda zifotora, ingufu z’inganda zo mu gihugu imbere zakomeje guturika, ari nazo zatumye isoko rigira ibicuruzwa byinshi kandi bivuguruzanya, ari nako byatumye igabanuka ryihuse ry’inyungu rusange. y'inganda zifotora.Ni muri urwo rwego, amasosiyete akomeye mu nganda yatangije umusaruro uhuriweho kugira ngo yongere umwobo wabo, kandi aratera imbere mu cyerekezo cyo guhuza vertical.

Inganda za Photovoltaque zirukana ibicu zikareba izuba

Nyuma yo guhindagurika, inganda zo mu mafoto zo mu gihugu amaherezo zatangije ikindi cyorezo muri 2020.

Mubyukuri, guhera mu mwaka wa 2011, inganda zifotora mu gihugu zahuye n’ubusumbane hagati y’ibitangwa n’ibisabwa ku isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu bitewe n’ubwiyongere bukabije bw’ubushobozi bw’umusaruro, kandi inganda zinjiye mu gihe cyo guhinduka gukabije.Nyuma y’imyaka irenga ibiri ihinduwe, kuvuguruzanya hagati y’ibitangwa n’ibisabwa ku isoko ry’amafoto y’amashanyarazi byagabanutse buhoro buhoro mu 2013. Hamwe n’inkunga ya politiki y’imbere mu gihugu, ingaruka mbi zazanywe n’inganda z’inganda zagiye ziyongera buhoro buhoro, kandi inganda zifotora amaherezo zikuraho ibicu. hanyuma urebe izuba muri iki gihe.Icyerekezo cy'inganda kiragenda kigaragara.

Raporo y’ubushakashatsi yakozwe na Guotai Junan Securities, ivuga ko ubushobozi bw’amafaranga yatanzwe ku isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu mu mwaka wa 2020 bwageze ku 25.97GW, bukaba burenze kure 20GW isoko.Nkumuyobozi winganda, imigabane ya Longi, imigabane ya Tongwei nandi masosiyete menshi yanditse ku mafoto y’amashanyarazi, bityo igiciro cy’imigabane cyazamutse, kandi icyamamare mu nganda nacyo cyakomeje kwiyongera.

Kandi inyuma yisoko ryamafoto yimbere mu gihugu, ntirishobora gutandukana nibintu byinshi.Mbere ya byose, kubijyanye na politiki, gusohora inyandiko zinyuranye nka "Amakuru yumushinga wo gufotora urugo" na "Urutonde rwubwubatsi bwigihugu gifite ubwikorezi bukomeye" muri 2019 byatumye inganda zifotora mu gihugu zirushaho kuba nziza muburyo bwo guhatana no gutanga inkunga. , yashyizeho urufatiro rw'iterambere ryiza ry'inganda.

Icya kabiri, murwego rwo gukomeza kuzamura ikoranabuhanga, igiciro cyinganda zifotora cyaragabanutse cyane, ibyo bikaba byateje imbere iterambere ryinganda.Mugihe ibikoresho byimbere mu gihugu byinganda zo mu gihugu byihuta, igiciro rusange cyishoramari cyinganda cyatangiye kugabanuka cyane.Mu gice cya silicon wafer, igiciro cyishoramari cyikururwa ryimbere mu gihugu hamwe nuduce twa casting ingot muri 2019 cyageze kuri 61.000 yu / toni na 26.000 yu / toni, ibyo bikaba byagabanutseho 6.15% na 7.14% ugereranije na 2018., Igiciro cyishoramari y'umurongo wa batiri wa PERC mu bice bya batiri nawo wagabanutse kugera kuri 300.000 Yuan / MW, umwaka ushize ugabanuka 27%.

Bitewe nibi bintu byombi, inganda zifotora mu gihugu zatangije icyiciro gishya cyo kuzamuka kwubukungu.Dukurikije imibare yatanzwe na Zhiyan Consulting, agaciro k’inganda zikomoka ku mafoto y’amashanyarazi zageze kuri miliyari 1105.2 mu mwaka wa 2019, bikaba biteganijwe ko aya makuru azagera kuri miliyari 20684 mu mwaka wa 2025. Icyerekezo kizaza kiracyakenewe gutegereza.

Inganda zifotora zitangiza umurongo mushya wo guhuza vertical

Mu gihe inganda z’amafoto y’Ubushinwa zigenda zitera imbere, isura y’isoko nayo irahinduka.Kurugero, guhera muri 2019, ibintu byo guhuza ibigo bikomeye mu nganda zo mu mafoto y’imbere mu gihugu byagaragaye.Nkabayobozi binganda, JinkoSolar, JA Solar Technology na Longi Co., Ltd bakoze urukurikirane rwimikorere itatu muri silicon, bateri, na modul.Muri icyo gihe, Trina Solar, Touri New Energy, na Tianlong Optoelectronics nayo yishyize hamwe.

Hariho impamvu zibiri zingenzi zibitera.Ku ruhande rumwe, igabanuka ry’inkunga n’igabanuka ry’ishoramari ry’inganda zashyize ingufu ku masosiyete, kandi birakwiye ko ibigo bifatanya mu kwagura inyungu zabyo.Mu myaka yashize, hamwe n’inganda zagiye ziyongera gahoro gahoro mu nganda zo mu gihugu, inkunga ya politiki yambere y’inganda zifotora amashanyarazi yatangiye kugabanuka uko umwaka utashye.

Dukurikije imibare y’urubuga rw’igihugu rushinzwe amakuru y’ingufu, igipimo cy’igiciro cy’amashanyarazi kuri gride y’amashanyarazi mu bwoko butatu bw’ubutunzi mu Bushinwa cyagabanutseho hejuru ya 60% kuva mu mwaka wa 2012, ndetse n’inkunga yatanzwe mu mishinga itanga amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi ifite nayo yagabanutse inshuro 4, igira ingaruka zikomeye ku nyungu rusange yinganda zifotora.Ingaruka nini.Muri iki kibazo, ibigo bikomeye nka imigabane ya Longji mubisanzwe bifuza kugabanya ibiciro ushyira mubikorwa uburyo bwo guhuza verticale, kugirango barusheho kubona inyungu zabo.

Ku rundi ruhande, ibyifuzo by’inganda zifotora bigenda byiyongera buhoro buhoro, bikagabanya ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’inganda mu nganda, ibyo bikaba binatanga amahirwe ku mishinga yo gushyira mu bikorwa uburyo bwo guhuza vertical.Nkuko icyifuzo giciriritse nigihe kirekire cyinganda zifotora zikunda guhagarara neza, ingaruka zacyo zikurikirana mubyunguka byinganda nazo ziragabanuka cyane, byihutishije iterambere ryinganda zihuza inganda.

Nyuma yo guhuza inganda zitezimbere, ibyiza byamasosiyete ayoboye ku isoko ryamafoto bimaze kugaragara.Kurugero, mugihe cyicyorezo cyuyu mwaka, amasosiyete akomeye mu nganda zo mu mafoto y’imbere mu gihugu yabonye ibicuruzwa byinshi bitewe n’ibiciro hamwe n’umuyoboro w’icyitegererezo cyahujwe, mu gihe umubare w’ibicuruzwa byakiriwe n’ibigo bito n'ibiciriritse. mu nganda yagabanutse cyane, ndetse n’amasosiyete amwe n'amwe yahatiwe guhagarika umusaruro.

Birashobora kugaragara ko iki cyitegererezo cyashyizwe mubikorwa ninganda ziyobora gifite akamaro kanini mugukomeza gushimangira umwanya wacyo wiganje, kandi ibi byarushijeho gushimangira inzira yo guhuza vertike yibikorwa byinganda zikomeye, bituma uburyo bwo guhuza verticale bugenda bugenda bushya mubyiterambere. y'inganda.

Ibyago biracyahari

Nyamara, ukurikije isoko muri rusange, haracyari inenge nyinshi muburyo bwo guhuza vertical.Mbere ya byose, uburyo bwo kwishyira hamwe buzazana ibyago byinshi mubigo mugihe uhuye nikoranabuhanga ryinganda nihinduka ryisoko.

Kurugero, igisekuru gishya cyikoranabuhanga rya HJT murwego rwa batiri yinganda za Photovoltaque zerekanye ubushobozi bwo gusimbuza ikoranabuhanga rya PERC, bivuze ko ibigo byahujwe bigomba kwishyura amafaranga menshi muguhindura ibikoresho byishoramari cyangwa imishinga yataye.

Byongeye kandi, ibyago byigihe kirekire cyo kwishyura umushinga nabwo nikibazo gikomeye ibigo byahujwe bigomba guhura nimpinduka zamasoko.Mugihe ibiciro byinganda zinganda zifotora bigenda byoroha, uburyo bwo kwishyura bwimishinga yo hagati nabwo buragenda bwiyongera, kandi iyi nzira igaragara cyane muburyo bwahujwe, bigatuma ibigo byo hagati bihura ningaruka ziterwa nubwishingizi muburyo bwo kugaruza imari.

Icya kabiri, itandukaniro mubikorwa byumusaruro wibigo bitandukanye nabyo ni inzitizi ikomeye mubufatanye bwinganda.Kurugero, imigabane ya Longi nibindi bigo bishyira mubikorwa bihuza vertical bifite icyuho kinini mumiterere, ikoranabuhanga nubuyobozi.Muri iki kibazo, uburyo bwo gukoresha ibyiza byinganda zitandukanye kugirango tunoze umusaruro muri sisitemu yo guhuza vertical ikwiye kubitekerezaho.

Byongeye kandi, buri sosiyete ifite umwihariko wayo mubikoresho nibikoresho byo kwamamaza.Kubera iyo mpamvu, umusaruro w’isosiyete byanze bikunze uzagerwaho nogusaranganya imirongo yumusaruro mugihe cyambere cyubufatanye.Niba iki kibazo kitarakemutse neza cyangwa kiringaniye, inyungu zihenze zicyitegererezo cyahujwe ntizizagorana kubimenya gusa, bizanatera ibibazo byinjiza amafaranga menshi nibisohoka bike.Birashobora kugaragara ko icyerekezo cyo guhuza vertical cyashyizwe mubikorwa ninganda zifotora zikomeje guhura ningorane nyinshi mubikorwa bifatika.

Nigute ushobora kongera imbaraga no kwirinda intege nke?

Ingaruka zibi bibazo, moderi yo guhuza vertical nayo yabajijwe ku isoko ryamafoto.None, guhuza vertical birakwiriye?

Kugira ngo dusubize iki kibazo, turacyakeneye guhuza isesengura duhereye kubintu byinshi.Urebye ku isoko, amasosiyete yifotora ashyira mu bikorwa icyerekezo cyo guhuza vertical cyane cyane kugirango bongere ubushobozi bwabo.Kubwibyo, uburyo bwo gukoresha ibyiza byuburyo bwo kwishyira hamwe nikibazo ibigo bifotora bigomba gutekereza neza.Muburyo bwahurijwe hamwe, uruganda rufite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kugenzura ibiciro binyuze muguhuza umusaruro nibitangwa, kandi ibyiza byacyo mubiciro nabyo birashobora kurwanira ingamba nyinshi kumasoko.

Kurugero, mubijyanye numutungo wuruhererekane rwinganda hamwe nuburyo bwo kwamamaza, ibigo nkibi birashobora gukoresha umutungo basanzwe bagenzura kugirango babone ingufu zungurana ibitekerezo kumasoko, bityo bigabanye ibiciro byo kugura ibikoresho fatizo cyangwa kongera ibiciro byibicuruzwa, no kugabanya umuvuduko winganda. kugabanuka kwinyungu rusange.Nkuko iyi nyungu igaragara cyane, ibyiza biriho byinganda muriki cyitegererezo nabyo bizahuzwa.

Ku kibazo cyo gucunga neza umusaruro muri ubu buryo, ibigo bigomba gukora igenamigambi ry’umusaruro, gukoresha neza ibikoresho by’umurongo w’umusaruro, no kunoza imikorere y’umusaruro mu gihe bigenzura ibiciro, kugira ngo hagaragazwe ibyiza by’ibiciro by’icyitegererezo.Ikoranabuhanga rya HJT, rikiri mu ntangiriro yiterambere, nubwo bigoye kumenyekana kubera ibibazo byigiciro, ibyiza byaryo byiza hamwe niterambere rinini riracyasaba ibigo byintangarugero byahurijwe hamwe kubisubiza hakiri kare.

Urebye uko isoko ryifoto rihagaze neza, ibyiza byurugero rwahujwe birenze kure ibibi byinganda.Ariko mugihe kirekire, ingaruka ziterwa na tekinoroji muburyo bwo guhuza ibikorwa bizakomeza kuzana ukutamenya neza imishinga.

Kubwibyo, mugihe kirekire, urunigi rwinganda nibyiza byigiciro cyazanywe nicyitegererezo cyahujwe ntigishobora kuzamura burundu irushanwa ryibanze ryamasosiyete yifotora kumasoko.Niba ibigo bifotora bifuza gutera imbere ubudahwema nubuzima, bakeneye no kubona ikoranabuhanga, isoko nibindi bice.Gusa binyuze mubyagezweho dushobora rwose gusobanukirwa nibindi bikorwa kumasoko.