Chitetezo cha US 201

Zomwe zimatchedwa"201 njira zodzitetezera"ya United States imatchula Magawo 201-204 a US Trade Act ya 1974, omwe tsopano akulandiridwa mu Gawo 2251-2254 la United States Code.Mutu wamba wa zigawo zinayizi ndi "Kusintha Kwachangu kwa Makampani Owonongeka ndi Zogulitsa Zakunja."Ndimeyi imapatsa Purezidenti kuti achitepo kanthu koyenera kuti ateteze kapena kuthetseratu zowonongeka ndikuthandizira kusintha koyenera kwa makampani apanyumba pamene kuchuluka kwa katundu wochokera kumayiko ena akuwopseza kuwononga kwambiri makampani apanyumba.

Zomwe zidachitika Pa Epulo 17, 2017, wopanga ma cell a photovoltaic waku America Suniva adasuma kukhothi kuti atetezedwe ku bankirapuse.Zomwe zimatchedwa chitetezo cha bankirapuse zikutanthauza kuti Suniva apitiliza kugwira ntchito ndikukonzanso, ndipo obwereketsa sangathe kufuna ngongole.Panthawi imeneyi, ngongole yatsopano ikufunika kuti ithandizire ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku za kampani.Ngongoleyi ili ndi kubweza kwapamwamba kwambiri ndipo imatchedwa Debtor-In-Possession financing (ngongole ya DIP).Ngongole ya DIP ya Suniva imaperekedwa ndi kampani yotchedwa SQN Capital, ndipo chimodzi mwa zikhalidwe za SQN ndikupangitsa Suniva kuti apereke dandaulo ku United States International Trade Commission (USITC) molingana ndi "Ndime 201" kuti alole USITC kufufuza photovoltaic yochokera kunja. maselo ndi ma modules Kaya zinayambitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa mafakitale apanyumba a photovoltaic ku United States.

Ngakhale "clause 201" ikugwira ntchito kuzinthu zonse zomwe si za US, pankhani ya photovoltaics,makamaka cholinga chake ndi opanga China.Malinga ndi US Customs, zida zamtengo wapatali kuposa US $ 8 biliyoni zidatsanulidwa ku US chaka chatha, zomwe US ​​$ 1.5 biliyoni zidachokera ku China.

Iyi ndi data yachiphamaso chabe.M'malo mwake, opanga ambiri aku China atsegula mafakitale kumayiko aku Southeast Asia monga Malaysia ndi Thailand kuti apewe "kuwirikiza kawiri“.Chifukwa chake,Opanga ma photovoltaic aku China amathandizira osachepera 50% ya zinthu za photovoltaicyotumizidwa ndi United States.

Ndipo SQN idauza Suniva kuti apereke pempho la "clause 201" ndendende kuti awononge opanga ma photovoltaic aku China.Kampaniyo inatumiza imelo ku China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Machinery and Electronic Products pa May 3. SQN inatchulidwa mu imelo kuti inapereka Suniva ngongole ya ndalama zoposa 51 miliyoni za US kuti agule zipangizo.Ngati opanga ma photovoltaic a ku China ali okonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito Ngati zipangizozo zagulidwa ndi $ 55 miliyoni, kampaniyo idzachotsa mlandu wa malonda.

Ofufuza a EnergyTrend anatsindika kuti: “Ngati Ndime 201 yavomerezedwa, kufunikira kwa malo opangira magetsi ku United States kudzakhudzidwa kwambiri, chifukwa malo opangira magetsi apansi nthawi zonse akhala akulamulidwa ndi zigawo zotsika mtengo, zomwe zidzakopa kuchuluka kwa katundu m’kanthawi kochepa. nthawi.”Pongoganiza kuti Ndime 201 yadutsa, oyendetsa magetsi apansi Mutha kusankha kuti musamange siteshoni yamagetsi, kapena kugula zida zamtengo wokwera kwambiri kuti mumange siteshoni yamagetsi;komabe, zotsatira za otsiriza adzakhala osakwanira kupeza zofunika ndizimakhudza ndalama za kampani.

Chiwonetsero chamakampani padziko lonse lapansi

Pa Meyi 23, bungwe la US International Trade Commission lidatulutsa chilengezo, poganiza zoyambitsa kafukufuku wapadziko lonse lapansi wachitetezo ("kufufuza kwa 201") pama cell ndi ma module omwe amatumizidwa kunja pamsika waku US kutengera ntchito ya Suniva.Pa Meyi 28, bungwe la World Trade Organisation (WTO) lidatulutsa chikalata chosonyeza kuti United States idadziwitsa mayiko otsala a 163 a WTO kuti aganizire zoika mitengo ya "chitetezo" chadzidzidzi pama cell adzuwa omwe atumizidwa kunja.Pambuyo pa chilengezochi, adakumana ndi zidziwitso zotsutsana ndi China Photovoltaic Industry Association ndi opanga ma photovoltaic akuluakulu apakhomo.

SolarWorld, yomwe idayambitsa zotsutsana ndi Sino-US ndi Sino-European, sizinafotokozere momveka bwino ngati angathandizire Suniva.Abigail RossHopper, wapampando komanso wamkulu wa SEIA, adapempha boma kuti lipeze njira zochitirakupititsa patsogolo mpikisano wama cell a solar aku USndi makampani opanga ma module, ndipo akadalikutsutsa zoletsa zilizonse pa malonda aulere.

Poyankha pempho la kampani ya photovoltaic ya US pa kafukufukuyu, wolankhulira Dipatimenti ya Zamalonda adanena kale kuti m'zaka zaposachedwa, United States yakhala ikuyambitsa kafukufuku wotsutsa kutaya ndi kutsutsa pazinthu zakunja za photovoltaic, ndipo wapereka njira zothandizira anthu. mafakitale apakhomo.M'nkhaniyi, ngati United States iyambiranso kufufuza zachitetezo,kudzakhala kugwiritsiridwa ntchito molakwika kwa njira zothetsera malonda ndi kuteteza kwambiri mafakitale apakhomo, zomwe zidzasokoneza dongosolo lachitukuko lachitukuko cha padziko lonse lapansi cha photovoltaic industry.China ikuwonetsa kukhudzidwa kwakukulu pa izi.

Kuyambira pa Meyi 10, makampani oyendera dzuwa aku Canada, JA Solar, GCL, LONGi, Jinko, Trina, Yingli, Risen, Hareon ndi makampani ena aku China opanga ma photovoltaic atulutsa motsatizana ziganizo zotsutsana ndi kafukufuku wa "201" woperekedwa ndi Suniva.China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Machinery and Electronic Products idalengezanso mwachangu zotsutsana ndi kafukufuku wa "201".
Bungwe la Asia Photovoltaic Industry Association linanena kuti Asian Photovoltaic Industry Association ndi mayanjano osiyanasiyana amakampani aku Asia akukhazikika.kutsutsa kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika njira zothetsera malonda ndi makampani angapo aku US.Makampani amtundu wa dzuwa akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo othana ndi malonda kuti apeze zopindulitsa zina, zomwe ndizowonjezera kuzunza kwa njira zotetezera malonda.Zochita zatsimikizira kuti chitetezo cha malonda sichingapulumutse makampani omwe alibe mpikisano wamsika chifukwa cha ntchito zawo, ndipo sizothandiza kuti chitukuko chikhale bwino cha mafakitale akumtunda ndi kumtunda.

Zhu Gongshan, wapampando wa Asian Photovoltaic Industry Association, adati makampani opanga ma photovoltaic ku Asia ali ndi udindo waukulu padziko lonse lapansi.Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2016, mphamvu zopanga polysilicon, zowotcha za silicon, ma cell, ndi ma module amakampani aku Asia zidapanga 71.2%, 95.8%, ndi 96.8% yapadziko lonse lapansi, 89.6%.Padziko lonse, 96.8% ya mabatire ndi 89.6% ya ma modules sangathe kulowa mumsika wa US."Kukweza kwaukadaulo ndi chitukuko cha mafakitale ku Asia photovoltaic mafakitale pazaka khumi zapitazi zathandizira kwambirikuchepetsa mtengo wamagetsi a photovoltaicndikulimbikitsa kupita patsogolo kwa mafakitale a photovoltaic padziko lonse lapansi.Monga mphamvu yofunika m'tsogolo la mphamvu zoyera, ndikuphatikizika ndi kudalirana kwapadziko lonse lapansi kwamakampani a photovoltaicndi chikhalidwe chachikulu.Zimatsimikizira kuti kukhazikitsa zolepheretsa malonda sikungateteze chitukuko cha mafakitale apakhomo.Makampani a photovoltaic a ku Asia amathandizira kwambiri ogwira nawo ntchito padziko lonse lapansi photovoltaic mafakitale kuti agwire ntchito limodzi kuti apambane, ndikulimbikitsana pamodzi njira ya photovoltaic parity pa gridi, ndikuthandizira kusungirako mphamvu zapadziko lonse ndi chifukwa chochepetsera mpweya.